Interpreting Cancer Biology: Refining Our Therapeutic Algorithm in Breast Cancer

Expanding our therapeutic options: Beta blockers for breast cancer?

Breast Cancer in Men

Male breast cancer is one of the rare malignancies. Clinically it usually a fixed mass in the breast in the seventh decade of life. Metabolic disorders and gyneco­mastia and Klinefelter's syndrome are important predis­r,osing factors.  Primary management is simple mastectomy plus re­gio:ial lymph node irradiation. In late cases or metastatic disease, orchidectomy, adrenalectomy, and hypophysec...

Interpreting epithelial cancer biology in the context of stem cells: tumor properties and therapeutic implications.

Over 90% of all human neoplasia is derived from epithelia. Significant progress has been made in the identification of stem cells of many epithelia. In general, epithelial stem cells lack differentiation markers, have superior in vivo and in vitro proliferative potential, form clusters in association with a specialized mesenchymal environment (the 'niche'), are located in well-protected and nou...

MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer —Our Initial Results

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small [∼21 nucleotide (nt)] non coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally. About 3.0% of human genes encode for miRNAs, and up to 30.0% of human protein coding genes may be regulated by miRNAs. Currently, more than 2000 unique human mature microRNAs are known. MicroRNAs play a key role in diverse biological processes including development, c...

Drugging PI3K in cancer: refining targets and therapeutic strategies

The phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway is one of the most frequently activated pathogenic signalling routes in human cancers, making it a rational and important target for innovative anticancer drug development and precision medicine. The three main classes of PI3K inhibitors currently in clinical testing comprise dual pan-Class I PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, pan-Class I PI3K inhibitors lack...